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MILITANCY: BANGLADESH’S MILITANT PIPELINE TO PAKISTAN – Newspaper
Faisal Hossain told his family he had found work in Dubai. In reality, the 22-year-old from Madaripur, some 100 kilometres to the south of Bangladesh’s capital Dhaka, was fighting for the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) — a banned militant group waging insurgency against the Pakistani state in order to establish their own interpretation of Sharia law.
On September 26, 2025, Pakistani security forces killed Hossain during an operation in Karak district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. His brother, Arman, identified him from photos of bodies circulated in the media.
Hossain is one of at least four Bangladeshis confirmed killed while fighting for the TTP, referred to as the Fitna al-Khawarij by the Pakistan state. Bangladesh’s Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime (CTTC) unit adds that another two dozen or so Bangladeshi nationals are currently in Pakistan, fighting for the TTP and other militant organisations — a trend that experts say first emerged in 2023 and has alarmed authorities in Dhaka.
A second Bangladeshi, Zubair Ahmed, 22, is believed to have been killed in April 2025. “At the end of April, I received a call from an unknown number, informing me that my son is no more,” his mother, Aleya Akter, tells Eos.
Dozens of young Bangladeshi men are said to be fighting for extremist Pakistani outfits such as the Tehreek-i-Taliban. Their recruitment marks a dangerous new export for Bangladesh and a perplexing shift in South Asian militancy…
THE FATE OF RATAN DHALI
The fate of a third man, Ratan Dhali, 29, remains unclear. In early November, the CTTC informed his family he had been killed in the September 26 operation. But on December 1, a video surfaced on Bangladeshi social media, showing someone identified as Dhali and claiming to be alive.
CTTC Superintendent of Police (SP) Rawshan Sadia Afroz tells Eos that officers have investigated the video and found it to be fake and will not be conducting a forensic analysis. A TTP spokesperson in Pakistan, Imran Haider, who initially told Eos that Dhali was dead has now retracted the statement, saying Dhali was only presumed dead because he had been missing.
For Dhali’s family, the uncertainty is agonising. “A few days ago, the police informed me that my son had been killed in Pakistan,” his father Anwar Dhali tells Eos. “Now, God only knows whether my son is alive or not.
Ratan Dhali last spoke to his family on April 11, 2024 — Eid day. He made a video call to his mother, exchanged Eid greetings, and told her he was in Delhi and would soon travel to Dubai. “That was our last conversation. I never spoke to my son again,” says Selina Begum, Ratan’s mother, as she broke down in tears.
RECRUITMENT METHOD
In March 2024, Hossain told his father that he wanted to go to Dubai. But his family did not agree, as they could not afford it. A few days later, Hossain told them that he had found a way to get there. “An elder brother will take me there and pay all the expenses. My salary will be 35,000 takas [$285]. After arriving in Dubai, I will have to repay him from my salary,” he told them.
When Hossain was about to leave home for Dubai, his elder brother Arman asked him if he had obtained a visa. Faisal replied that his visa would be from India. “I was surprised when I heard that,” Arman tells Eos.
“He [Hossain] would call us once or twice a month and say he was working in Dubai,” says Arman. “We last contacted him in June this year. Since then, despite repeated attempts, it has not been possible to reach him.”
Also in March 2024, Dhali told his father he was going to Dubai. “He told me that his boss had a clinic in Dubai and he wanted Ratan to work there,” his father Anwar tells Eos. About 20 days later, was when Dhali called his mother and told her he was in India and would be going to Dubai, he adds.
In reality, both men had travelled to India via the Benapole Land Port — the largest land port in Bangladesh, used for imports and exports to and from India — before staying in Kolkata and Delhi for several days. “Our investigation found that Ratan [Dhali] and Faisal [Hossain] entered India via the Benapole land port on March 27, 2024. From there, they illegally travelled to Pakistan through Afghanistan, where they joined the TTP,” says SP Afroz.
Dhali and Hossain had been working at a clinic called Rof Rof Hijama Centre, located in Dhaka’s Khilgaon area. When Eos went to look for the clinic, it was no longer in the building. A resident said it had relocated a few months earlier.
Zubair took a different route. He first went to Saudi Arabia in November 2024 to perform Umrah. After completing Umrah, he did not return home. The CTTC say Zubair entered Pakistan through legal channels from Saudi Arabia. “After performing Umrah, Zubair said he was not coming home for now, as he was busy spreading the message of Allah,” says Aleya Akter, his mother.
PREYING ON THE VULNERABLE
There seems to be certain similarities in the three recruits: all three come from modest backgrounds.
Dhali studied at a school in Dhaka until class five. His father drives an autorickshaw and his mother is a housewife. Hossain completed his matriculation at a school in Uttara, Dhaka. His father is a retired private-sector employee and his elder brother works as a deliveryman. Ahmed was pursuing an undergraduate degree in Islamic Studies and comes from a middle-class family.
The families of the victims allege that their sons were misled and trapped. They are demanding justice and have urged the Bangladesh government to take immediate action.
“I have only one demand. I want the people who led my son down this path to be punished,” says Ratan’s father. Faisal’s brother Arman echoes the demand. “I request the Bangladeshi government to investigate the root of this cycle and punish those responsible, so that no one else falls for this kind of deception and loses their child in the future,” he tells Eos.
Analysts say militant recruiters often target young people from rural districts, who are seeking jobs abroad or are financially strapped. “People from lower-middle-class families are the most vulnerable, which is why they can be easily persuaded by promises of money,” says Mubashar Hasan, a political analyst specialising in South Asian geopolitics and an adjunct researcher at the Western Sydney University in Australia.
Imran Haider, the TTP spokesperson in Pakistan who spoke to Eos via WhatsApp, contends that the young men knew what they were getting into. “No one was brought here by force or deception,” says Haider, who claims to be a former Bangladesh Air Force engineer. According to the CTTC, he left Bangladesh in April 2023.
SCALE OF THE ISSUE
According to SP Afroz, Bangladeshis are joining multiple militant organisations in Pakistan beyond the TTP. “So far, we have identified three of them: TTP, TLP [Tehreek-i-Labbaik Pakistan] and IMP [Ittehad-ul-Mujahideen Pakistan],” she says.
Experts believe the majority join the TTP, which was founded in 2007 by Baitullah Mehsud. Its current leader is Noor Wali Mehsud, who has publicly pledged allegiance to the Afghan Taliban.
While it remains difficult to estimate how many Bangladeshis are leaving for Pakistan, the trend has grown in recent years. “I am not obligated to tell you how many [Bangladeshis] are fighting for TTP,” says TTP’s Haider.
Bangladeshi police say they have identified dozens who are currently in Pakistan. “We have been able to identify 25 to 30 people who are currently in Pakistan and fighting,” says SP Afroz. Most of this recruitment, experts and security officials add, tends to take place online and often involves misinterpretation of religious edicts.
Dr Tawhidul Haque, a criminologist and associate professor at the University of Dhaka, says the involvement of Bangladeshi youth in militant organisations has been rising in recent years. “And they are now doing these things online, where they face less risk,” he adds.
Hasan Al Mahmud, who has been reporting on militancy in Bangladesh for years, says this trend of people from Bangladesh going to Pakistan to join militant organisations started in 2023. “They are constantly trying to recruit newcomers by misinterpreting religion,” he tells Eos.
Bangladesh police say that they have been cracking down on such activities and are keeping a close watch. “In recent years, we have identified at least a hundred people who were planning to go to Pakistan to engage in militancy,” says SP Afroz. “We stopped them.”
MOTIVATING FACTORS
For experts in Bangladesh, their fellow citizens fighting against a Muslim-majority country like Pakistan represents an unusual development. “In history, people from Bangladesh have gone to fight in many countries for various reasons,” says Mubashar Hasan, the political analyst. “But going to Pakistan to fight against the Pakistani government is a new and surprising development,” he adds.
Haider, the TTP spokesperson in Pakistan, says these young men are fighting to establish Islamic rule in Pakistan. “Although India and Pakistan were divided in 1947 based on the two-nation theory, Islamic rule was never truly established in Pakistan,” he says. “Our main goal is to establish Islamic rule in Pakistan.”
Mamunul Haque, an Islamic scholar and the joint secretary-general of Hefazat-i-Islam Bangladesh — one of the country’s largest Islamic organisations — rejects this reasoning. He says his organisation strongly advises against leaving Bangladesh to wage an armed war against another Islamic state. “Islam does not support this either,” he tells Eos.
But religious condemnation alone may not deter recruits who have already been radicalised — both online and offline. Dr Haque, the criminologist, says radicalised individuals lose their capacity for critical thinking. “They can’t think about things logically,” he says. “They simply follow whatever instructions they’re given.”
MILITANCY IN BANGLADESH
While Bangladesh has largely suppressed domestic militant activity in recent years, the emergence of citizens fighting abroad suggests extremist networks have adapted — recruiting online and sending fighters to foreign conflicts.
On July 5, 2025, an officer from the Intelligence Branch of Bangladesh’s Anti-Terrorism Unit filed a case with Savar police station in Dhaka, naming six people and their unidentified associates, confirms Savar police station’s officer-in-charge, Mohammad Jewel Mia. “The case, filed under the Anti-Terrorism Act, accuses them of conspiring against another country by attempting to disrupt and destabilise its public security on behalf of the TTP, as well as sharing extremist content,” Mia tells Eos.
Law enforcement agencies in Bangladesh also arrested two people on charges of being involved with the TTP, also in July this year. The case file states that some Bangladeshi youths, inspired by the ideology of the TTP, are attempting to establish an Islamic Sharia-based regime in Pakistan by travelling to Afghanistan.
However, local acts of terrorism are few and far between. The last major terrorist attack on Bangladeshi soil took place on the night of July 1, 2016, when five young Bangladeshis carried out a brutal attack at the Holey Artisan Bakery in Dhaka, killing 20 people — including 17 foreigners — by shooting and stabbing them. Two police officers were also killed while trying to stop the attackers.
That night, the international extremist organisation Islamic State (IS) claimed responsibility and released photos of the perpetrators. However, the government rejected the IS claim, attributing the attack to the Bangladeshi militant group Neo-Jama’atul Mujahideen Bangladesh.
In response to such attacks over the years, the Bangladeshi government has banned nine militant organisations in the country as terrorist groups. Under the prevailing laws, these groups are prohibited from carrying out any activities in Bangladesh.
Yet some banned groups have tried to resurface, including Hizb-ut-Tahrir Bangladesh, which was proscribed in 2009. In March 2024, hundreds of members of the group held a public procession following Friday prayers in Dhaka, demanding the country’s secular democracy be replaced by an Islamic caliphate. Law enforcement responded by firing tear gas and sound grenades and arrested several participants.
Meanwhile, even if the video claiming to show Ratan Dhali to be alive isn’t forensically analysed, his family remains trapped between hope and grief — unsure whether their son will return or if he has already become another casualty in a conflict most Bangladeshis barely understand.
It’s an uncertainty that may define this new phase of militancy: families left in limbo, young men vanishing across borders and a threat that operates in digital shadows, far beyond the reach of domestic law enforcement.
The writer is a Bangladeshi investigative journalist whose work has appeared in various publications including
The New York Times, Reuters and AFP. He can be contacted at marufhasan57983@gmail.com.
X: @the_MarufHasan
Published in Dawn, EOS, December 7th, 2025
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WIDE ANGLE : THE ENDURING CHARM OF BRITISH WHIMSY
Mrs Wilberforce (Katie Johnson) lives alone in a rickety Victorian house near London’s King’s Cross railway station. She rents a room to Professor Marcus (Alec Guinness), who claims to be a musician, and asks to use the room for practice sessions with his string quintet.
But wait. Professor Marcus and his four associates are in fact plotting an armed robbery and plan to use Mrs Wilberforce in their dastardly scheme. What a pleasure it is to revisit The Ladykillers (1955) — a jet-black, peculiarly subversive marriage of genteel English manners and anarchic criminality.
With its cast of eccentrics, dry wit and distinctively British whimsy, this film from London-based Ealing Studios perfectly zig-zags between kind-hearted and creepy. And 70 years on, it is fondly remembered as the closing flourish of the golden age of Ealing comedies.
A comic institution
Ealing Studios, based in the west London suburb of the same name, was founded in 1902, making it the world’s oldest continuously running film studio.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, under the leadership of Michael Balcon, the studio became known for producing a series of comedies that reflected British values, class tensions and post-war anxieties, often in a light-hearted or ironic way.
The Ladykillers, which turned 70 this year, was a darkly comic masterpiece of a film that continues to elate audiences
Films such as Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), Passport to Pimlico (1949) and The Lavender Hill Mob (1951) portrayed a particular brand of British humour: ironic, restrained and, above all, socially observant.
These films gently poked fun at the British class system while celebrating quirky individuals and tight-knit neighbourhoods. As Balcon himself later said: “We made films at Ealing that were good, bad and indifferent, but that were indisputably British. They were rooted in the soil of the country.”
Earlier successes depicted criminal protagonists whose schemes were both ingenious and only slightly morally dubious. The Ladykillers took this tradition to its logical extreme: the criminals were no longer charming anti-heroes but grotesque figures, hapless in their execution of the robbery.
The film’s delicious central irony, in keeping with the Ealing ethos, is that the one person capable of undoing the criminal plot is the least likely: a frail old woman with a kettle and a parrot.
Making a masterpiece
The Ladykillers was written by William Rose, who allegedly dreamt the plot and awoke to write it down. This dreamlike provenance makes its way into the film.
Scottish-American director Alexander Mackendrick, who had previously worked for Ealing on Whisky Galore! (1949) and The Man in the White Suit (1951), gave the film its distinctive atmosphere of part-grotesque fairy tale and part-suburban farce. As Mackendrick once remarked: “The characters are all caricatures, fable figures; none of them is real for a moment.”
Mrs Wilberforce’s house, where most of the action is set, was constructed on an Ealing backlot — a convincing reminder of the sooty urban geography of post-war London. Prague-born cinematographer Otto Heller used shadow and deep contrast to lend a macabre quality to a comedy that often flirts with horror. A perfect example is when Mrs Wilberforce opens the door to the professor for the first time.
Alec Guinness’s performance is a revelation. His waxen features, exaggerated false teeth and vulture-like gestures are a far cry from Obi-Wan Kenobi and George Smiley. He turns Professor Marcus into a grotesque parody of a criminal mastermind.
Guinness is abetted by stalwarts such as Herbert Lom and Danny Green. And Peter Sellers gives a nervy performance as Harry, in a role that would mark the beginning of his rise to Hollywood stardom.
A profoundly moral tale
Professor Marcus and his band of misfits mock the pretensions of criminal sophistication, contrasting them with the quiet rectitude of an old woman who represents a vanishing Britain.
They brilliantly capture the contradictions of 1950s London: the post-war optimism laced with paranoia, social deference mingled with subversion, and a genteel facade barely concealing the chaos beneath. It’s little wonder some critics see this Ealing output as deeply political.
Without spoiling the plot, The Ladykillers concludes with a restorative, comic sense of moral order. The criminal enterprise collapses, not due to law enforcement or clever detection, but because of the gang’s own ineptitude and Mrs Wilberforce’s stubborn innocence and moral clarity.
A beloved film, then and now
The Ladykillers was a critical and commercial smash in the United Kingdom. Critic Penelope Houston applauded its “splendid, savage absurdity.” It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay and won Katie Johnson a BAFTA for Best British Actress, aged 77.
The film was remade by the Coen Brothers in 2004, this time with Tom Hanks as a Southern gentleman crook. But this version was widely panned, illustrating just how specific the tone of the original was.
Its reputation has only grown since December 1955, with the British Film Institute ranking it among the best British films of the 20th century.
At one point in the film, Professor Marcus cries out: “We’ll never be able to kill her. She’ll always be with us, for ever and ever and ever, and there’s nothing we can do about it.”
Just like the stubborn, indomitable spirit of Mrs Wilberforce, The Ladykillers isn’t going anywhere.
The writer is Associate Professor of French Studies at the University of Adelaide in Australia
Republished from The Conversation
Published in Dawn, ICON, December 14th, 2025
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FLASHBACK ; A FILM AHEAD OF ITS TIME
The icon Waheed Murad is celebrated every year on his birthday (October 2, 1938) and death anniversary (November 23, 1983). The legendary actor and producer would have turned 87 this year.
As a producer, he was the driving force behind Pakistan’s first Platinum Jubilee film, Armaan. As an actor, he was a trendsetter known for his distinctive style and signature hairstyle. With his debut production, Heera Aur Pathar (1964), he managed to assemble a skilful team of artists who went on to make a big name for themselves in the film industry.
But few know that, as a director, Waheed Murad pushed Pakistani cinema’s boundaries with Ishaara (1969), a stream-of-consciousness story with actors singing in their own voices, no villains, multi-layered editing and in which one actor played a dozen roles.
True to its title, Ishaara was a ‘signal’ to local filmmakers — a reminder that cinema could be original, imaginative and meaningful all at the same time, when most were content with copying Indian films or churning out formulaic masala fare.
At the peak of their career, no other actor or producer would have dared take such a risk. A romantic star would often be confined to that genre for a decade or more, an action hero would be typecast in high-octane roles, and few could ever break free from the shadow of tragedy. It was only Waheed Murad who, after a brief appearance in S.M. Yusuf’s Aulad (1962), became a sensation with a supporting role in Santosh Kumar’s Daaman (1963), and soon captured the audience as a leading man in Heera Aur Pathar as Jaanu.
Waheed Murad’s sole directorial venture, Ishaara, was not very successful at the box-office and is often ignored in his filmography though it pushed Pakistani cinema’s boundaries
He held his own opposite Muhammad Ali in Kaneez (1965) and delivered Armaan (1966) in a period when Bollywood films had suddenly stopped screening throughout Pakistan. That same year, he expanded his horizons by venturing to the East Wing, starring in Zaheer Raihan’s Bhaiyya (1966). After taking Lollywood abroad with Rishta Hai Pyar Ka (1967) and helping launch future star Shabnam from East Pakistan in Samundar (1968), Murad then embarked on Ishaara, a film he envisioned as a timeless exploration of the human conscience.
The film was an unusual story driven by four complex characters, each following their own desires. Aamir (Waheed Murad) plays an artist with a sensitive soul who falls deeply in love with a college girl, Aliya (Deeba Begum), who is bound by duty to marry her cousin, Ishrat (Talat Hussain). Meanwhile, the wealthy and compassionate Reshma (Rozina) helps Waheed’s Aamir find his footing in the art world and, in the process, develops feelings for him.
The film, entirely shot either in Karachi’s Eastern Studios or parks around the city, beautifully navigates the quiet struggles of the heart, where choices weigh heavily on the conscience. In the end, love and integrity prevail: Aamir and Aliya unite, while Ishrat and Reshma gracefully step aside, their hearts tested but ultimately at peace.
The story begins with Waheed Murad addressing the audience in a voice-over, inviting us into the community he calls home. He introduces himself as the aspiring artist Aamir, drawing us into his world — a modest apartment he shares with his friend Bezaar (Lehri), a struggling musician. Ishrat, Bezaar’s wealthy friend and an engineer, soon befriends Aamir as well.
Aamir and Aaliya meet by coincidence. Hoping to impress her classmates, Aaliya is persuaded by her friend Shakila to write a letter to a fictitious “Aamir”, inviting him to meet her at midnight near the college gate. By chance, Aamir’s bicycle develops a puncture, placing him at the scene. The moment he sees Aaliya, he loses his heart and their brief romance begins.
Unaware of what lies ahead, Aamir and Aaliya exchange promises of marriage. Meanwhile, Ishrat’s mother — Aaliya’s guardian — wants her to marry Ishrat instead. After all, Aaliya is the daughter of her late friend, and honouring that trust leaves Aaliya unable to refuse.
Does it sound familiar? Shades of Yash Chopra’s cinema — Shah Rukh and Madhuri Dixit, Karishma Kapoor and Akshay Kumar — are hard to miss. If you have watched Dil Tau Paagal Hai (1997), you would know that Ishrat gets to know about Aaliya’s ‘sacrifice’ in time and instead persuades her to go with Aamir.
Director Pervez Malik, actor-producer Waheed Murad, music director Sohail Rana and poet-dialogue writer Masroor Anwar had formed a creative team known for producing quality, meaningful cinema. With Armaan (1966) and Ehsaan (1967), their collaboration proved remarkably successful. However, Doraha (1967) exposed the first cracks in the partnership and, between 1968 and 1970 the group shifted and reshuffled — like a series of permutations and combinations — as the four repeatedly tried functioning as a trio.
Waheed, Pervez and Masroor worked together on Jahan Tum Wahan Hum (1968); Masroor, Pervez, and Sohail collaborated on Saughaat (1970); and Waheed, Masroor, and Sohail reunited for Ishaara.
Rozina and Agha Sarwar returned from the Armaan cast, while Nirala was replaced by Lehri — an actor who excelled at playing the hilariously inept music teacher, blending incompetence with impeccable comic timing. Santosh Russell played Talat Hussain’s mother, a forthright and hard-hitting presence in her son’s life, who keeps a close eye on Aliya, driven by a desire for payback.
Agha Sarwar as Munshi, with his iconic tagline “Behra nahin hoon main [I’m not deaf]”, provided comic relief in an otherwise semi-emotional film. Rozina, meanwhile, was given a more substantial role than in Armaan. A frequent collaborator of Waheed Murad, she had also appeared alongside him in Ehsaan and Samandar.
Waheed Murad tried a number of innovations as a director. The use of lead actors singing a song on the telephone, ‘Jaisay Taisay Beet Gya Din’, was experimental and ahead of its time. With the entire team a fan of Hollywood musicals, it was a typical Grace Kelly-Fred Astaire moment, which the local audiences could not digest at the time.
In another song’s surreal sequence, ‘Itnay Barray Jahaan Mein’, Waheed had Lehri showcasing his versatility on vocals, guitar, bass, drums and keyboard. At the end of the song, it is revealed that the audience was also Lehri. This was probably inspired by Buster Keaton’s silent era film The Playhouse (1921).
Ahmed Rushdi, a regular playback singer in every Waheed Murad film from 1964-77, showed a wide range of emotions in the film’s songs — from the gentle romance ‘Woh Hum Se Roothain Tau’, to the joyful celebration of ‘Mat Poochho’ and ‘Socha Tha Unnse’ (a duet with Mala), and the deep sadness of ‘Main Aik Bhoola Hua Naghma Hoon’ (with Mala and Naseem Begum). Mala’s solo song ‘Pyar Ka Haq Hai’ was mesmerising as the penultimate song but it was Mehdi Hassan’s ‘Aakhri Baar Mil Rahay Hain Hum’ that left the deepest mark, with its haunting melody and heartfelt emotion.
Aamir’s couture — Nehru-cut sherwani-collared suit adorned with intricate karchobi embroidery — was also iconic, perfectly reflecting his elegant style and leaving a lasting impression on audiences as a symbol of sophistication and charm.
However, Ishaara was not as successful as Armaan or Ehsaan at the box-office, as audiences were not yet prepared for such a sudden shift in cinematic style.
Four years later, Waheed, Pervez, Sohail and Masroor reunited for Usse Dekha Usse Chaaha, a film that shared notable similarities with Aamir Khan and Salman Khan’s much later Andaz Apna Apna (1994), but it too failed to resonate with audiences. By then, East Pakistan had become Bangladesh and the film industry in Karachi had suffered a decline and the hub of Urdu movies had shifted to Lahore.
With multi-starrer films on the rise, Waheed shifted entirely to acting, stepping away from production, and — after the Ishaara setback — never attempted direction again.
Published in Dawn, ICON, December 14th, 2025
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SPOTLIGHT : RESURRECTING THE IDOL
In a production studio in Karachi, on the largest floor in the city, a set stands that defies the country’s current economic mood. It is grand, illuminated by special lights imported from Dubai, and designed to project a glitzy image that mesmerises Pakistani audiences.
“The set you see now is actually 20 percent smaller than planned,” admits Nadeem J, the show’s director, co-producer and visual architect. “Otherwise, it was an even bigger set and even grander. So big that it started bending.”
This mix of grand ambition and structural improvisation — the quintessential Pakistani jugaarr [making things work with limited resources] — has a lot to do with the resurrection of Pakistan Idol.
While platforms such as Coke Studio and other branded franchises, along with Spotify and YouTube, have kept the country’s music scene vibrant, they often rely on established names, niche discoveries, or artists with the means to produce their own music. What has been missing is the pipeline from the grassroots — specifically talent outside the golden triangle of Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad (KLI).
After a hiatus of over a decade, Pakistan Idol has returned to a media landscape that is radically different from the one it left. The last time Pakistan Idol flickered on screens here, social media was in its infancy, visuals were shot on low-resolution DV cams, and the definition of a ‘star’ was dictated by television executives. Today, the show is being steered by four industry veterans who believe that this isn’t just a TV programme; it is a movement to rebuild a grassroots infrastructure.
Pakistan Idol is back after a hiatus of more than a decade. And this time it’s making big waves, primarily because of the sheer talent of the new voices featured on clips going viral on social media. Icon goes behind the scenes to check what is making it tick and its producers’ vision for breathing new life into Pakistan’s musical culture…
I sat down with the core team behind this massive undertaking: Badar Ikram, the producer; Nadeem J; Umar Amanullah, head of creative and communications; and Shuja Haider, the music producer. Between them, they share nearly a century of experience in Pakistan’s entertainment sector. Their mission is not just to find a singer, but to bridge a generational gap that threatens to erase a huge chunk of Pakistan’s musical history.
THE ‘WHY NOW?’ FACTOR
Why bring back a behemoth like Pakistan Idol now? The franchise had a turbulent history in Pakistan, launching once in 2013-14 before disappearing, leaving its winner in obscurity and the industry sceptical.
“There was a gap,” says Ikram, a media strategist with 25 years of experience, who initiated the revival. He was part of the team of the previous iteration and has been trying on and off to get it off the ground since, but felt the market remained untapped. “Pakistan Idol happened once, but for some reason… Fremantle [the format owners] wasn’t doing it in Pakistan. Multiple people tried in between, but it didn’t happen.”
The scepticism was high. Ikram recalls the barrage of questions he faced during the six months it took to convince the stakeholders who had numerous reservations and questions such as, “Pakistan doesn’t have enough music”, “Without Indian music, how will it happen?”, “Is it financially viable?” and “Can live music really be played here?”
We were recording eight songs in a day,” Nadeem J reveals, detailing a schedule that sounds gruelling even by industry standards.
“We do it because we are Pakistanis. We have a habit of jugaarr. We find a way.”
These questions were not unfounded. The Pakistani music industry needs fresh blood, and not just from the major cities. The grassroots infrastructure that once groomed talent — Radio Pakistan and the arts councils — has crumbled. The concert culture, the primary source of monetisation for artists, vanished for 10 to 12 years due to security instability. Brands like Coke Studio have played a considerable role in promoting artists who were already up-and-coming, but what’s been missing is what we have been witnessing unfold on Pakistan Idol.
“I always believed that it would happen and it would be successful,” Ikram says. To prove it, he assembled a team that could navigate both the corporate boardroom and the chaotic reality of a live production floor.
THE MIRACLE MACHINE
The result is what Nadeem J calls a “miracle machine.” Unlike the drama serials that dominate local television, a music reality show is a logistical beast. In a standard season, most musical programmes in Pakistan produce perhaps 20 songs. Pakistan Idol is attempting over 250 songs in a single season.
“We were recording eight songs in a day,” Nadeem reveals, detailing a schedule that sounds gruelling even by industry standards. “We do it because we are Pakistanis. We have a habit of jugaarr. We find a way.”
This improvisation, however, stops at the audio quality. The team made a rigid commitment to authenticity in an era of auto-tuned perfection. “Our commitment was: no lip-syncing,” Ikram asserts.
Nadeem J reinforces this: “All musicians play live, all singers sing live. In between, I see comments on YouTube saying ‘This is lip-syncing’… no! It’s all written and performed live.”
To achieve this, the team utilises a ‘jamming room’ recording method, overseen by the multi-talented and extremely hard-working Haider — tracks are prepped, sent to contestants via WhatsApp to memorise, rehearsed the next day, and then performed live. It is a high-wire act of production, executed at a pace that could only be achieved through sheer passion.
THE COPYRIGHT NIGHTMARE AND THE ARCHIVE
One challenge the production team has been facing is copyright infringement. With Indian songs largely off the table due to geopolitical tensions and rights issues, the show has been forced to look inwards, digging into the archives of Pakistani pop, rock and film music. This necessity has revealed a startling generational disconnect.
“Regarding the time Pakistani music left off, around 2006, 2007 or 2008,” says Amanullah. “That was a great time for music up to 2006, and it is surprising to me that quite a few kids today haven’t heard that music. They have mostly been listening to recent music.”
For Gen-Z contestants, ‘new stuff’ is simply what is trending on TikTok today. They are oblivious to the heritage of the early 2000s, let alone the classics of the 70s and 80s. The show, therefore, has inadvertently become an archival project, reintroducing the nation’s youth to its own sonic history.
But securing the rights to this history has been a battle. The tragedy, according to Amanullah, is that everyone loses. The show loses content, but the songwriters and original rights holders lose relevance. “It’s a loss for both,” he says. However, the team is turning this disadvantage into an advantage. By allowing contestants to sing older, often forgotten Pakistani tracks, they are reviving dead catalogues.
“My EMI [record label] contacts told me their repertoire usage has increased because we played a song, and the listener went back to listen to the original,” Ikram notes. “It’s about turning an apparent disadvantage into an advantage,” adds Amanullah.
Haider points out a structural difference between the Indian and Pakistani industries that complicates this. “Our region is so small compared to our neighbours, yet there is no comparison in terms of talent and diversity of music. They [India] have a lot of material. Their quantity of music is huge. We have fewer quantities, but we have more genres.”
This scarcity of volume but depth of genre makes selection difficult, yet crucial. “Every past era acts like a seed for the next era,” Haider muses. “The 60s inspired the 70s… We didn’t have that here. Everything shut down very quickly.”
FINDING TALENT
Most of the contestants walking on to Nadeem J’s grand stage are not polished performers. They are, in the local vernacular, “zero-meter”— brand new.
“When we started the Theatre Round… we shortlisted 75-80 people,” points out Ikram. “By and large, 80 percent of them were those who had never held a mic.” This lack of experience is a direct symptom of the collapsed infrastructure. There are no school choirs, no community centres, and very few ustaads [teachers] accessible to the masses.
Haider uses a poignant analogy to describe the situation: “I often say that, for a beginner, music is like a pond. But for a learner, it is a vast sea.”
He laments that, unlike his generation, which learned by hanging around studios and observing the masters, today’s youth lack that access. “Nowadays, our talent doesn’t get the opportunity to make mistakes and learn from them,” Haider says. “I feel I cannot judge these kids on how good or bad they are right now. I feel this is a beginning for them.”
This rawness creates moments of magic and terror on set. Haider describes the moment the red light goes on: “We have fixed big names, guided them in studios. But when these kids pick up the mic… see, if you sing normally, you sing fine. But the moment I press ‘Record’… you’re gone. The recording button is very tricky.”
Speaking of the contestants… while they’re all really good, some of the stories are really moving. Take Rawish Rabab, a schoolteacher from Layyah in southern Punjab: a distinct, melodious voice that has become a point of pride for her entire district.
Her story reads almost like a classic Idol script — difficult circumstances at home, nerves at her first audition, and then a sudden surge of confidence once she realised the judges were actually listening. She calls winning a shield in the early round a turning point; her performance in the Theatre phase drew some of her loudest applause yet.
When she went back to Layyah, the welcome felt like a local festival: students, teachers and neighbours lining up to greet her. It is not just a personal victory; it’s the sense that a schoolteacher from a small town can stand under studio lights and be treated as national news.
If Rawish embodies hometown pride, Maham Tahir from Khanpur, in Rahim Yar Khan, stands for something more fragile: survival. An MPhil student and, after her father’s early death, effectively a co-breadwinner for her family, Maham pays bills and tuition with the same voice she now uses on the Idol stage.
She built her craft not in fancy studios but through naat and spiritual poetry recitals, gravitating towards Sufi singing and treating Abida Parveen as a kind of spiritual mentor, even without formal training. Idol, for her, isn’t just a platform; it is a rare space where devotion, economic necessity and artistic ambition line up under one spotlight.
The show is also quietly full of students reshaping their academic lives around music. Rohail Asghar, originally from Jhang and now based in Lahore, moved with his parents so he could study on a music-category seat in Punjab University’s Mass Communication department. He now heads the university’s music society, earns part of the family’s income through gigs, and recently found himself receiving an honorary shield from the vice chancellor after his Idol performances.
Rohail has no formal classical training, but talks about learning from listening obsessively to Ghulam Ali and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. One of the most moving details in his backstory never made it on to the main show: his younger sister Jia had planned to audition too, but couldn’t — because she was donating part of her liver to their mother.
Every contestant has an inspiring back story, more so because, in our country, talent is very rarely nurtured and given the importance that it should be.
THE DEATH OF THE “MEAN JUDGE”
To judge this raw talent, the team curated a panel comprising Rahat Fateh Ali Khan, Fawad Khan, Bilal Maqsood and Zeb Bangash. An undoubtedly respectable panel, notable for its lack of a ‘Simon Cowell’ figure — the archetype of the rude, abrasive judge that defined the early 2000s reality TV boom.
“People asked me, ‘Who is the Simon Cowell of this panel?’,” Ikram recalls. “My answer was: Simon Cowell is not even on American Idol anymore.”
The team recognised a global shift in audience sensibilities. “That kind of judgment — dressing someone down, insulting them if they didn’t sing properly — is not taken very well by audiences globally anymore,” Ikram explains.
In the age of social media, the public acts as the critic. “The awaam [public] is answering these questions themselves on social media,” Amanullah quips, noting that the audience defends the show’s choices without the production needing to issue press releases.
THE ROAD AHEAD: THEMES AND ELIMINATION
As the show moves past its initial phases, the stakes are rising. The season is structured over 40 episodes, spanning 20 weeks. Having completed the Auditions and Theatre Rounds, the show is now in the Gala Phase, where the remaining 16 contestants will face themed challenges.
“Now, themes will come in. Genres will come in. Special episodes… Wedding songs, Mother’s specials etc,” Nadeem J explains.
Crucially, the power is about to shift from the judges to the public. “From next week, the public voting starts,” Nadeem says. The format is ruthless: at the end of each episode, a “Bottom 3” will be announced based on judges’ scores, and the contestant with the lowest public votes will be sent home.
This leads to the Finale — the last two episodes — in which the team plans to enhance the visuals further.
DEFINING SUCCESS
The ultimate question remains: what does success look like in a country where the previous Idol winner vanished, and in a world where “viral fame” is often mistaken for a career?
For the core team, success is not about ratings, but about sustainability.
“In India, it’s the 16th season this year… They have a regular cycle,” Nadeem points out, contrasting it with Pakistan’s stop-start history, where promises made weren’t kept.
As far as ratings are concerned, Amanullah explains, “When we talk about ‘ratings’, we’re no longer looking only at television in isolation. Our primary measure of success is digital reach and repeat-viewing, because that’s where the global Gen-Z audience lives — whether they’re consuming news, entertainment, or music.”
He adds that “Gen-Z doesn’t wait for scheduled broadcasts; they discover talent through shareable clips, bingeable backstage content, and on-demand viewing. That’s why for us, our performance indicators are centred on streaming minutes on the Begin App, for instance.”
He goes on to say that “Traditional TRPs [television rating points] still matter for television, but the long-term value of Pakistan Idol lies in digital fandom — the kind that grows artists into global acts, not just weekly ratings winners. And the numbers are in the millions on our digital content, which is quite encouraging.”
This time, as a private production driven by passion, the show’s goal is to create a figure that lasts. However, Ikram looks beyond the winner. He cites the ‘Jennifer Hudson effect.’ “Success is… look at Jennifer Hudson. She was in the Top 7 on American Idol, then became an EGOT [Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, Tony] winner. It’s about the platform. It’s not about when you got kicked out.”
There are already signs that the platform is working. Ikram mentions contestants who didn’t even make the Top 16 but are seeing their careers take off.
“Ahmed Hassan… he isn’t in the Top 16. But his song is on Spotify, and it’s become popular,” he notes.
Ikram then shares a story about a call from the Multan Arts Council, which is holding a ceremony to honour the 11 or 12 kids from the city who merely went to the auditions. “They are being celebrated in their community,” he says.
To the team, this is the seed of a new ecosystem. “We need infrastructure where record labels and corporate infrastructure exist. When concerts start, monetisation starts… the industry builds itself,” Ikram argues.
A QUESTION OF PRIDE
Beyond the economics and the logistics, there is an emotional current running through Pakistan Idol. In a polarised country often starved of good news, music remains a rare unifier.
Ikram reflects on the birth of private media: “I remember when we started Geo… there were no newscasters because there was no demand previously.” He sees Pakistan Idol doing the same for music professionals.
But the real validation comes from the comments section. Ikram beams when mentioning the reaction to a recent medley performed on the show. “People commented, ‘Pakistan Zindabad.’ There is a sense of pride,” he says. He recounts a comment from an overseas Pakistani in Dubai: “I am in Dubai, sitting in my office with foreigners, and I showed them this… look, this is my country.”
Amanullah adds that the show has revived the concept of communal viewing. “I know quite a few families, for example, in Canada, who have weekend watch parties,” he says.
For a team of veterans who have seen the industry rise and fall, this project is personal. It is, as Ikram puts it, “a labour of love.” “We are not saying we are doing a programme,” Ikram concludes. “We say this is a movement.”
And as the lights dim on the Karachi set and the next “zero-meter” contestant steps up to the mic to sing a song from an era they never knew, one can’t help but feel that the movement has finally begun.
Nofil Naqvi is a writer and a communications professional. He can be reached at nofil@outlook.com
Published in Dawn, ICON, December 14th, 2025
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