Business
Musk’s mega-merger of SpaceX and xAI bets on sci-fi future of data centres in space
Seventy-five years ago, the idea of harnessing the power of the skies was little more than a fantasy spun by futurists like Arthur C. Clarke and Isaac Asimov.
Elon Musk’s mega-merger of his companies xAI and SpaceX this week brings this sci-fi dream a step closer.
Nasa engineers and technologists have speculated for nearly two decades about moving energy-hungry computing off the planet.
More recently, the idea has captured the attention of Big Tech, including Alphabet and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin. The physics made sense; the solar energy was abundant. Still, the challenges seemed insurmountable.
Musk, though, known for betting on seemingly far-out theories and getting them to work, may finally be laying the groundwork to make data centres in space a reality.
He is armed with the world’s busiest satellite launch fleet, an AI startup, and an appetite for infrastructure that stretches from Earth to vacuum.
“In the long term, space-based AI is obviously the only way to scale,” Musk said on Monday.
“To harness even a millionth of our Sun’s energy would require over a million times more energy than our civilisation currently uses! The only logical solution therefore is to transport these resource-intensive efforts to a location with vast power and space.”
The merger sharpens investor focus on how he might overcome big hurdles through a tightly woven ecosystem of rockets, satellites and AI systems, to take AI infrastructure beyond Earth.
It comes just as SpaceX is preparing for a potential $1.5 trillion initial public offering (IPO). SpaceX has sought permission to launch up to 1 million solar-powered satellites engineered as orbital data centres, far beyond anything currently deployed or proposed.
In a filing with the Federal Communications Commission, SpaceX describes a solar-powered, optical-link-driven orbital data-centre system, though it did not say how many Starship launches would be required to scale the space data-centre network to an operational degree.
“Compute in space isn’t sci-fi anymore,” said David Ariosto, author and founder of space intelligence firm The Space Agency.
“And Elon Musk has already proven himself capable across multiple domains.”
Old idea meets new economics
Advocates argue that space-based data centres would be a cheaper alternative to data centres on Earth, thanks to constant solar energy and the ability to dump heat directly into space.
But some experts have warned that big commercial gains are years from reality as the concept faces daunting challenges and is fraught with technical risks: radiation, debris, heat management, latency, and formidable economics that include high maintenance costs.
“There’s some real challenges here, and how do you then make that cost-effective?” said Armand Musey, founder of Summit Ridge Group, who said the financial details of a project such as this was hard to model because the “technical unknowns haven’t been clarified.”
“But never say never,” said Musey, who called Musk’s track record “unbelievable”. “I think a large part of it is, it’s a bet on Elon. His success is really hard for people to ignore.”
Even with Musk’s ambitions, data centres in space may not be achievable for another decade, some experts have said.
The underlying physics behind space-based infrastructure is not new.
Harnessing solar power in orbit dates back to Cold War-era research, when the US Department of Energy and Nasa studied space-based solar power concepts in the 1970s, ultimately concluding that launch and materials costs made them impractical.
What makes Musk’s efforts different is that his companies have more direct control over key elements of the system — from the rockets that will carry the hardware, to the links to beam data back to Earth, to a Musk-owned social network to generate demand for cheap AI computing.
“SpaceX has structural advantages that few others can match. It controls the world’s most active launch fleet, has demonstrated mass production of spacecraft through Starlink, and has access to substantial private capital,” said Kathleen Curlee, a research analyst at Georgetown University.
Bombarding chips with radiation
Among the biggest challenges facing space data centres are radiation and cooling.
Data-centre hardware will be bombarded by cosmic rays from the sun. In the past, chips designed for space were specially “hardened” for such radiation but were rarely as fast as today’s flagship AI chips.
Cooling AI chips, which generate immense heat during computations, is the other hurdle. While space is cold, it is also a near vacuum, so heat cannot be carried away the way it is on Earth. Powerful chips must instead move heat into large radiators that shed it as infrared energy, adding significant size, weight, and therefore cost.
SpaceX’s filing with the FCC describes cooling via “passive heat dissipation into the vacuum of space” and outlines how satellites that suffer operational failures rapidly de-orbit.
More recently, Alphabet’s Google bombarded one of its AI chips with radiation at a university lab in California to see how it would endure a five- or six-year mission in space for a research effort to network solar-powered satellites into an orbital AI cloud called Project Suncatcher.
“They held up quite well against that,” said Travis Beals, a senior executive at Google and lead of the project, which is set for a prototype launch to space in 2027.
Header image: A Blue Origin New Glenn rocket lifts off on its inaugural launch at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Florida, US on Jan 16, 2025. — Reuters
Business
PM Shehbaz hails Pak-Kuwait ties as Raqami Islamic Digital Bank issued licence
ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on Tuesday said Pakistan and Kuwait share strong brotherly relations, which were set to further strengthen through bilateral economic, investment and trade cooperation.
He made the remarks while addressing a ceremony in Islamabad in connection with the issuance of a digital licence to Raqami Islamic Digital Bank.
The prime minister congratulated Raqami Islamic Digital Bank on becoming the third licenced digital retail bank in Pakistan.
He expressed hope that the bank would not only be Sharia-compliant but would also offer features that would significantly support and promote the growth of banking in the country.
“This development will go a long way in further enhancing bilateral economic relations between Pakistan and Kuwait,” the prime minister said.
He also expressed gratitude to the Kuwaiti leadership for their support to Pakistan at various times.
Raqami Islamic Digital Bank Limited was awarded a restricted banking license by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) in May 2025, under the Licensing and Regulatory Framework for Digital Banks to commence pilot operations as a digital retail bank.
Raqami is backed by Pakistan Kuwait Investment Company (Private) Limited, a joint venture between Pakistan and Kuwait governments and Enertech Holding Company KSC, a subsidiary of the sovereign wealth fund of Kuwait, the Kuwait Investment Authority.
Business
Workers’ remittances total $3.5bn in January, up 11.3pc in Jul–Jan FY26
The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) on Tuesday said overseas workers’ remittances were recorded at $3.5bn in January, increasing by 11.3 per cent during Jul-Jan FY26.
“Cumulatively, with an inflow of US$ 23.2 billion, workers’ remittances increased by 11.3 percent during Jul-Jan FY26 compared to US$ 20.9 billion received during the same period last year,” said SBP.
“In terms of growth, remittances increased by 15.4pc on a year-to-year basis,” the central bank said.
It elaborated that the remittances in January were “mainly sourced from Saudi Arabia ($739.6 million), United Arab Emirates ($694.2m), United Kingdom ($572.1m) and United States of America ($294.7m).
Remittances in December rose to the highest level of the current fiscal year (FY26), reaching $3.6 billion, largely driven by continued incentives for sending money through formal channels and relative stability in the exchange rate.
Currency experts believe remittance growth this year is weaker than in FY25. They cite concerns over a “managed” exchange rate, suggesting some inflows may be diverted away from official banking channels.
Pakistan is among the top countries receiving large foreign exchange inflows through remittances. While a growing number of jobseekers leaving the country is termed by some economists as brain drain, the government considers it beneficial for the external balance.
Last year’s record inflows of $38bn helped partially repay external debt, boost State Bank reserves, stabilise the exchange rate and post a current account surplus after more than a decade.
Business
Dar, Indonesian minister reaffirm trade, investment as key pillars of bilateral cooperation
Deputy Prime Minister Ishaq Dar and Indonesia’s investment minister Rosan Roeslani on Tuesday reaffirmed trade and investment as key pillars of bilateral cooperation.
Roeslani, who is also the chief executive officer of Indonesia’s Sovereign Wealth Fund (Danantara), arrived in Islamabad on Monday evening, according to the Foreign Office (FO).
On Tuesday, Dar and Roeslani met at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where their discussions focused on strengthening Pakistan-Indonesia economic and investment ties, the FO said in a post on X.
Both leaders also reviewed “potential collaboration opportunities and mutually beneficial projects, including exchange of views on sovereign wealth fund models, and reaffirmed trade and investment as a key pillar of bilateral cooperation”.
The two sides also held delegation-level talks, wherein they reviewed potential cooperation avenues and projects, including the “exchange of best practices and cooperation in priority sectors such as health”.
Presentations were provided by the finance ministry, Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC) and Board of Investment (BoI), the FO noted.
The presentations outlined Pakistan’s “investment landscape, priority sectors and facilitation mechanisms, while also seeking Indonesia’s experience and expertise, including in sovereign wealth fund structures and downstream investment”.
Dar reaffirmed the “shared commitment to longstanding bilateral relations based on mutual respect and cooperation, with mutual investment being a catalyst of Pakistan-Indonesia partnership”, the statement added.
The meeting was attended by SIFC National Coordinator Lt Gen Sarfraz Ahmed, Health Minister Mustafa Kamal, Special Assistant to Prime Minister Tariq Bajwa, the BoI chairman, Finance Secretary Imdadullah Bosal, the acting foreign secretary, and other senior officials.
Upon his arrival in the capital on Monday evening, Roeslani was welcomed by the foreign ministry’s East Asia Pacific region director general and the Indonesian ambassador.
“During the visit, he will have comprehensive talks with the DPM/FM on the prospects of enhancing Pakistan-Indonesia partnership in the domain of trade and investment,” the FO had said.
Recent months have seen robust exchanges between Islamabad and Kuala Lumpur, with Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto also making a two-day official visit to Pakistan in December 2025.
He had held meetings with President Asif Ali Zardari and PM Shehbaz Sharif, wherein the two sides agreed to enhance bilateral trade and cooperation in various sectors.
Indonesian Vice Minister of Trade Dyah Roro Esty Widya Putri also visited Pakistan in January.
She and Commerce Minister Jam Kamal Khan had signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to establish an Indonesia-Pakistan Joint Trade Committee (JTC) to strengthen dialogue, facilitate cooperation and address opportunities and challenges in bilateral trade.
The same month, Indonesian Defence Minister Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin had also made a visit to Pakistan, where he met with the army chief and the air chief.
He had expressed Kuala Lumpur’s desire to further expand defence ties with Islamabad across multiple domains, the military’s media affairs wing had said.
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