Magazines
NON-FICTION: THE BATTLE THAT DECIDED AMERICA’S FATE – Newspaper
Three Roads to Gettysburg
By Tim McGrath
Dutton Caliber
ISBN: 978-0593184394
528pp.
For four years, from 1861 to 1865, the US was plagued by a war between its northern and southern states: the Civil War, which changed the course of American history. Its tactics and strategies were studied by generals across the globe for years, including those who fought during the First World War.
The Battle of Gettysburg, waged in 1863 in Pennsylvania, decided the fate of the Civil War. Gen George Meade of the North led the Army of the Potomac. Gen Robert E. Lee of the South led the Army of Northern Virginia. The literature on that battle is voluminous, and anyone writing on it faces a tough challenge. Tim McGrath, a naval historian and biographer, takes on this challenge.
McGrath narrates the major events that led to Gettysburg in meticulous detail. And then he does something additional: he takes the reader into the minds of the generals fighting the war on both sides by quoting from letters they wrote to their wives. These reveal their emotions, the pain they felt as their soldiers were slaughtered, and the ambiguities that troubled their minds as they tried to predict the enemy’s counter-response.
It has been said that when it comes to warfare, amateurs discuss strategy while experts discuss logistics. This dictum was validated in the Battle of Gettysburg. Both parties knew that the battle would be won by the side that was better able to overcome the barriers that haunt any army: shortages of food, clothing and ammunition, inclement weather, bad roads — with broken bridges — and broken telegraphic connections.
A naval historian revisits the Battle of Gettysburg during the US Civil War and shows how logistics, leadership and luck decided the fate of the country
They also knew that the battle would be won or lost by whichever side was able to surprise the other with a sudden attack, and that the ability to pull off a surprise attack depended on having good intelligence on the size and deployment of enemy forces.
And then there was geography, a factor that neither side could offset. And, of course, they knew that the battle would be won by the side whose morale was superior to that of the other side, which would enable its troops to sustain the fight in the heat of battle.
The fighting was intense. In just one afternoon, thousands of soldiers and officers were killed or maimed for life. One New Yorker wrote: the “grim reaper… levelled down the richest field of scarlet human grain ever garnered on this continent.”
Infighting between generals often got in the way of securing a quick win… egos clashed and swords were brandished and, to make matters worse, funding was often held up by politicians who debated the generals’ funding requests endlessly in their legislatures.
In the heat of battle, friendly fire often inflicted heavy damage on troops who were mistaken for the enemy by their fellow soldiers. The book shows the importance of charisma, with soldiers fighting as much for their general as for the greater objective of defeating the enemy. Profanities, curses and insults were routinely exchanged, not only between the soldiers, but also between the generals.
Soldiers, homesick, tired and in bad health, were often poorly led and that sapped their morale and ability to continue the fight. Interestingly, there were no African American soldiers even in the North’s Army of the Potomac. In the southern armies, African Americans owned by the officers as slaves, served as butchers and cooks, nurses and labourers digging latrines. Their owners were, for some reason, convinced that they would not run away.
The book proves beyond the shadow of a doubt that there is nothing civil in a civil war. It’s just as cruel as a war between nations. Even though the same language is being spoken by both sides, they are attired in different uniforms. In this case, the northern soldiers wore blue while the southern soldiers were dressed in grey. The soldiers were just as cruel to each other as foreign nationals are during an international war.
The book quotes what a colonel in Gen Lee’s army wrote to describe the fury of the battle: “The fierce soldiers with their faces blackened with the smoke of battle, the wounded crawling with feeble limbs… all seemed possessed with a common impulse… [to hail] the presence of the victorious chief.” To him, this was reminiscent of an ancient scene, where men, in ancient days, rose to the dignity of victorious gods.
As the battle dragged on, thousands of families had an empty chair at the table at Christmas dinner, but on the generals’ maps, nothing had changed. On the battlefield lay thousands of human bodies, intermixed with thousands of dead horses. The stench became unbearable for people living nearby. People kept their doors closed, despite the summer heat and humidity. It was better to swelter indoors than to vomit outside.
A resident wrote that his clothes smelt of death. Gen Lee was compelled to comment, “It is well that war is so terrible — we should grow fond of it.” Finally, on July 3, he conceded defeat. Wryly, a northern soldier noted, “The rebels were whipped but at an awful price.”
On November 19, President Abraham Lincoln gave the speech that would go down in American history as one of the finest ever given. He had worked for hours on it, but delivered it in just two minutes. After paying tribute to the dead, he said: “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom.”
Had Gen Lee’s army won, it would have legitimised white supremacy in the US. But even though he lost, the battle for equal rights continues to be waged to this day, especially in the southern states.
History comes alive in McGrath’s narration, which is well documented with maps and photographs. Notes and references comprise 129 of the 517 pages. The only thing lacking is tables showing the sizes of the military forces and identifying the generals and the corps and the divisions they commanded.
The reviewer is the author of Rethinking the National Security of Pakistan: The Price of Strategic Myopia.
X: @ahmadfaruqui
Published in Dawn, Books & Authors, April 5th, 2026
Magazines
The man behind the cape
Where it all began
Although he was born Kal-El on the planet Krypton, Superman’s time there was short-lived. As the planet faced imminent destruction, his parents, Jor-El and Lara Lor-Van, sent the infant Kal-El to Earth in a desperate attempt to save him. That’s how he came to be known as the Last Son of Krypton.
But Earth didn’t just give him a home; it gave him a purpose.
On Earth, he landed on a small farm in Smallville, Kansas, where he was raised by a kind couple, Jonathan and Martha Kent. As Clark grew up, he struggled to control his powers. He eventually moved to Metropolis to work as a reporter at the Daily Planet, where he befriended Lois Lane. Clark uses journalism to stay connected with people on the ground and remain aware of events in the city. There, he also meets his close friend, Jimmy Olsen, a photographer at the Planet.
Despite his dual identity, Clark Kent is who he truly is, while Superman is simply the role he takes on to help others.
What Superman stands for
The ‘S’ symbol he wears on his chest is not just the crest of the House of El, it also stands for ‘hope’ on Krypton. Fittingly, Superman stands as a symbol of hope for the people of Earth. His beliefs are influenced by the Kents, who taught him kindness and shaped his moral compass. Superman believes in truth, justice and a better tomorrow.
Despite being an alien, Clark chooses to live as a human, identifying more with his human upbringing than his Kryptonian origins.
Life as a hero
Clark chooses to become a superhero because he believes it is the right thing to do. He has been taught that helping people is his responsibility, and this belief defines his actions.
Superman is also a founding member of the Justice League, alongside fellow heroes Batman, Green Lantern, the Flash, Wonder Woman, Aquaman and Cyborg. They come together to protect the world from powerful threats.
His powers and their limits
Superman gains his powers from Earth’s yellow sun, granting him extraordinary abilities. He possesses immense physical strength, speed and flight, along with enhanced senses and powers such as heat vision, freeze breath and X-ray vision.
His primary weakness is his vulnerability to Kryptonite, a mineral from his home planet that not only weakens him but can also be fatal with prolonged exposure. Under a red sun, his powers are also diminished.
The enemies he fights
His arch-nemesis is Lex Luthor, the billionaire CEO of LexCorp. Luthor not only envies Superman, but also distrusts him as an all-powerful alien among humans.
General Zod, a Kryptonian military leader, represents the ruthless ideals of Krypton’s past and, unlike Superman, seeks control rather than coexistence.
Recommended reading
• Superman: Birthright
• Superman: For All Seasons
• Superman: Up in the Sky
Recommended watching
• Superman (2025)
• Superman (1978)
• Superman & Lois (2021-2024)
More than just the powers he possesses, Superman represents hope, compassion and the belief that doing good is always worth it. In the end, it’s not his strength, but his humanity, that defines him.
Published in Dawn, Young World, April 18th, 2026
Magazines
Story time: Hold on to your dream – Newspaper
Jamshed was a 17-year-old and the only son of a horse trainer in the small town of Badin, Sindh. He would go to stables and racetracks, visit farms and train horses alongside his father.
As a result of his active involvement in his father’s profession, he was an average student academically. His parents were satisfied with both his academic performance and his personal interests.
One day at school, he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be when he grew up, as a final project for a course. Jamshed wrote a seven-page paper describing his goal of owning a horse ranch. He wrote about his dream in detail and even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, including all the things he wanted, such as buildings, a track, etc. He drew a detailed floor plan for everything he dreamed of owning one day.
The next day, he handed in the project. He was excited and expected to get an A+. After two days, he received his paper back with a ‘C’ grade on top of it. On top of that, his teacher asked him to meet her after class.
Jamshed went to meet the teacher and asked, “Why did I get a ‘C’?”
“This dream is too unrealistic. You need lots of money to buy land, pay for horses and manage everything. Think of something realistic or doable,” she said.
That day, Jamshed went home and thought a lot about it. He considered his choices, his options and all possible routes. When he could not decide, he went to his father and asked him what he should do.
After listening, his father replied, “Dear son, this is completely your decision. When I was growing up, my parents gave me full freedom to choose my path. So now, I want to give my child the same freedom to dream as big as he wants, because no dream is impossible.”
After a week, Jamshed made a decision and submitted the same paper again, without making any changes. Along with it, he wrote, “You can keep the ‘C’, and I will keep my dream.” The teacher said nothing, but smiled.
Eight years later, the same teacher went on a field trip with 30 students to camp at a famous and well-established ranch. As they walked in, they saw that the ranch was even bigger than they had heard, with spacious buildings, a proper racing track and a big house on the one side. Everyone was amazed and excited to meet the owner.
When the owner came out, to the teacher’s surprise, it was Jamshed.
She immediately recognised him as the boy she had once given a ‘C’, as Jamshed hadn’t changed much except for his more mature features.
As she looked at Jamshed and the ranch around her, she realised the impact of her words back then, not just on him but on many other children.
Before leaving, she approached him and said, “I’m sorry. I didn’t understand your dream. It is ambition that makes things achievable, no matter how unrealistic they may seem.”
Jamshed, who had never held a grudge, smiled and accepted her apology. Realising that he had unknowingly inspired so many students to dream big, he felt he had truly accomplished something meaningful.
Published in Dawn, Young World, April 18th, 2026
Magazines
Earth Day 2026 – Newspaper
Here is something worth thinking about this Earth Day.
Earth is not asking for your help. It doesn’t send emails or text messages. Neither does it hold protests. It sends signals. Warnings. And you know what these are? Melting ice, rising seas, dying coral, seasons that don’t behave the way they used to.
We are not destroying Earth. We are destroying what makes it liveable — the air, the water, the weather patterns, and everything related to it. The planet itself will be fine. It has always been fine. Yes, Earth has survived things we can’t even imagine. It survived volcanoes, it saw a time when the oceans simply ran out of oxygen and most things living in them suffocated. Then there was the asteroid, the size of a small city, that hit Earth at full speed, wiping out the dinosaurs and most of everything else. Earth saw it and bore it. Five times, almost everything died. Five times, the planet kept going.
We are not the worst thing that has ever happened to this planet. But we might be the worst thing that has happened to ourselves.
The planet has survived far worse than us. The real question is: will we survive ourselves?
The secret agreement
Our atmosphere has always had normal and necessary levels of carbon dioxide in it that act like a blanket around the Earth. This blanket holds heat from the sun to keep the planet warm enough to live on.
So humans lived, cultivated, farmed, built, and dumped smoke, gas, and other pollutants into the Earth’s atmosphere. All of this was absorbed; the atmosphere kept the air safe and the weather stable.
But when the Industrial Revolution took place, things didn’t remain the same. The atmosphere was affected beyond anyone’s expectation. People started burning coal in enormous amounts to power factories, trains, and machines. More burning meant more carbon dioxide. More carbon dioxide meant a thicker blanket. A thicker blanket meant more heat getting trapped, resulting in the planet getting warmer. This is called the greenhouse effect.
To understand it better, let’s take the example of a car. If it is parked under the sun with the windows closed, the interior of the car will get extremely hot because the glass lets in the heat, but there is no way for it to escape. Carbon dioxide is doing the same thing to the entire planet.
That’s the science of what happened. A gas that was always there in safe amounts suddenly started building up faster than nature could balance it out.
What is actually happening
So now, Earth’s overall temperature has changed from what it used to be and is becoming warmer. Therefore, the oceans are warmer too, and this has directly impacted coral reefs.
Corals are dying
Coral reefs are beautiful, colourful ecosystems in the oceans, with a number of living organisms sheltering within them while fish swim around. About a quarter of all marine life lives in coral reefs.
But corals are delicate in one specific way: temperature. If the temperature rises even a couple of degrees above what they are used to, they bleach, meaning they turn white, and that means they die.
Large parts of the Great Barrier Reef, one of the greatest living systems on this planet, are already gone. It is one of the major environmental tragedies that should be talked about and addressed.
The glaciers are melting
For centuries, humans have looked at glaciers in awe. We paint them, we photograph them, and we write about them. Many mountains that people and even their grandparents grew up seeing are sadly not the same anymore. You can look at a photograph from 50 years ago and then look at the same mountain today and see bare rock where there used to be ice.
It is one of those changes that seems slow and distant until you actually see the pictures. Then the realisation hits differently. Glaciers are also where a huge portion of the world’s freshwater comes from — the water that fills rivers, that farmers use and that entire cities depend on.
Seasons are shifting
In many parts of the world, flowers bloom earlier and birds migrate at the wrong time. Animals that evolved to time their behaviour around temperature and daylight are finding that the cues they rely on no longer match up. Imagine a bee waking up in spring only to find that the flowers it depends on have not bloomed yet. And that’s not a small inconvenience , that’s the beginning of a collapse in a system that has been working for millions of years.
Your voice matters, but not the way you think
You’ve probably heard the list of things to do: use less plastic, take shorter showers, don’t leave the lights on, eat less meat, etc. These things are real and they matter.
The most useful thing a young person can do right now is to truly understand what’s going on. Not just “climate change is bad”, but actually knowing how it works, why it’s happening, who’s responsible, and what needs to change. Because when you understand it, you can talk about it. You can tell other people. You can ask hard questions. You can one day vote for people who will actually do something about it or refuse to buy from companies that don’t care.
Real change happens when the rules change, when governments say you can’t dump certain chemicals anymore, when it becomes cheaper to use solar energy than coal, and when big companies have no choice but to do better. That’s the scale where this problem is actually solved.
Before us. Possibly after us
There’s a tree in Sweden called Old Tjikko, a Norway spruce named by discoverer Leif Kullman after his dog. The trunk is a few hundred years old, but the root system beneath it is almost ten thousand years old. It survived the last ice age. It has been living underground, sending up new trunks as the old ones died, for longer than most human civilisations have existed.
That tree has no idea what’s going on, who lived and who died. It definitely doesn’t know about Earth Day. It’s just living the way it has been for ten thousand years, because the conditions around it allow it to.
And this is the whole point. Everything in nature is just doing what it does — trees, bees, glaciers, oceans. None of it is trying to survive. It just survives, as long as the conditions are right.
The question is whether we are going to be the species that is smart enough to look at what it is doing and actually change course. No other animal can do that. A shark can’t decide to fish less. A wildfire can’t decide to burn less. But we can decide. That’s the strange and almost unfair gift we have. So far, we haven’t fully used it. But we still can.
Happy Earth Day!
Published in Dawn, Young World, April 18th, 2026
-
Sports2 weeks ago
Pakistan women to make FIFA Series debut in Ivory Coast – Sport
-
Magazines2 weeks ago
PRIME TIME: THE PROBLEM WITH MERI ZINDAGI HAI TU – Newspaper
-
Sports2 weeks ago
Pegula reaches WTA Charleston Open semi-finals with latest three-setter – Sport
-
Magazines2 weeks ago
Story time: A kind heart – Newspaper
-
Sports2 weeks ago
Rs20 million fine for a deleted tweet: The cost of irreverence? – Prism
-
Sports2 weeks ago
Pogacar clinches joint-record third Tour of Flanders – Sport
-
Magazines2 weeks ago
SMOKERS’ CORNER: PAKISTAN’S PRAGMATIC TURN – Newspaper
-
Today News2 weeks ago
آئی ایم ایف نے پاکستان کو بجلی کیلیے 830 ارب روپے کی سبسڈی دینے کی اجازت دے دی